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Key to Boletus in North America (Page Five) Back to Previous Choice in Boletus [Pore surface not red or orange; pore surface bruising blue to greenish blue (quickly or slowly), or cut flesh staining blue to bluish on exposure (quickly or slowly); stem not reticulate, or merely faintly so at apex.] Note: This key is in bad need of revision. The non-dichotomous format is annoying and, with the hindsight of a few years, I see many areas that require different emphasis, fleshing out, paring down, and so on. Don't hold your breath waiting, but I will eventually revise the key completely. > Mature cap a shade of red (brick red, terra cotta, and so on). (1/2) ° Found in the Pacific Northwest. (1/2) Boletus coccyginus ° Found elsewhere. (2/2) Growing in grassy areas; pores circular to angular, 1-3 per mm; stem equal (not tapering); cap negative, blued flesh erased with ammonia. (1/6) Growing in grassy areas and in woods; pores angular, 1-2 per mm; stem base tapered; cap dull orange, flesh grayish olive with orange outer zone with ammonia. (2/6) Boletus fraternus Growing "under oak with loblolly pine nearby" in Texas; pores irregular to elongated, larger than 1 per mm; stem base swollen; cap bright reddish brown, flesh negative with ammonia. (3/6) Boletus lewisii Growing in deciduous woods; pores angular, 1-2 per mm; stem with narrowed base; reactions to ammonia not recorded. (4/6) Growing in deciduous woods; pores angular, larger than 1 per mm; stem equal; cap and flesh bluish with ammonia. (5/6) Boletus hypoxanthus Growing in mixed woods; pores irregular to angular (almost gill-like near stem), 1-2 per mm; stem with a narrowed base; flesh negative with ammonia. (6/6) > Mature cap not red. (2/2) ° Mature cap brown to olive brown and conspicuously cracked, with red flesh showing in the cracks. (1/3) Found from the Great Plains eastward. (1/2) ~ Spores distinctively truncated at one end, with thickened walls near the truncated end. (1/2) Xerocomellus truncatus ~ Spores not truncated, walls not thickened. (2/2) Found in western North America. (2/2) ~ Some spores truncated at one end. (1/2) Spores amyloid. (1/2) Xerocomellus amylosporus Spores not amyloid. (2/2) Xerocomellus mendocinensis ~ Spores not truncated. (2/2) Blue staining absent or slowly developing and faint (rarely moderate). (1/2) Blue staining prompt and strong. (2/2) * Associated with willows, poplars, or birches in riparian ecosystems. (1/2) Xerocomellus salicola * Associated with conifers. (2/2) Xerocomellus rainisiae ° Cap yellow to orange yellow, coated with yellow powder; young pore surface running down the stem; mature pore surface reddish. (2/3) ° Not as above. (3/3) Cap tawny brown, reddish brown, yellow brown, or orange brown; cap bluish with ammonia. (1/5) Boletus hypoxanthus Cap dull reddish brown to purplish brown; cap bright reddish brown with ammonia. (2/5) Boletus lewisii Cap bright yellow, becoming brownish yellow; cap center dark brown with ammonia, cap margin pale bluish green with ammonia. (3/5) Boletus melleoluteus Cap eventually brownish yellow; cap reddish brown with ammonia. (4/5) Boletus ochraceoluteus Cap olive brown, becoming dingy yellow brown; cap amber with ammonia. (5/5) Boletus subdepauperatus > Found west of the Rocky Mountains, excluding Texas. (1/2) ° Cut flesh turning bluish slowly and erratically or only slightly. (1/2) ~ Cap dark brown to nearly black, tightly wrinkled when young. (1/3) ~ Cap brown, becoming finely cracked and mosaic-like in age, with reddish flesh showing in the cracks. (2/3) ~ Not as above. (3/3) Cap smooth, reddish brown to yellow brown; pore surface bruising blue; stem yellow with reddish brown stains; flesh blue with ammonia. (1/6) Boletus appendiculatus Cap felty, red to reddish brown, cracking in age; pore surface bruising blue; stem yellow above, red or purplish red below; blued flesh bleached to yellow with ammonia. (2/6) Boletus dryophilus Cap felty to smooth, olive to olive brown developing reddish shades; pore surface bruising blue; stem pinkish to reddish above, yellow below; flesh changes with ammonia not recorded. (3/6) Boletus smithii Cap felty to smooth, olive to brownish, sometimes with red shades, sometimes becoming cracked; pore surface bruising blue or not bruising; stem yellow, without red shades; cap surface flashing green, then reddish brown with ammonia; flesh changes with ammonia not recorded. (4/6) Cap smooth or finely felty, yellow, often becoming cracked; pore surface bruising bluish, then brown; stem yellow; flesh changes with ammonia not recorded. (5/6) Boletus sphaerocephalus Cap felty, olive brown to yellowish brown, becoming cracked; pore surface bruising slightly bluish, then brown; stem yellow with reddish brown streaks, bruising brown or reddish brown; cap surface reddish brown with ammonia; felsh changes with ammonia not recorded. (6/6) ° Bluing of cut flesh more pronounced. (2/2) ~ Stem without red shades. (1/2) Cap dark olive gray, becoming brownish; under conifers. (1/2) Boletus coniferarum Cap sulphur yellow, fading to pale yellow or whitish; in sawdust or on stumps. (2/2) Boletus sphaerocephalus ~ Stem with red shades. (2/2) Mushroom robust. (1/2) * Stem yellow at apex, red to purplish red overall; stem bruising blue, then grayish olive, on handling; cap buff to olive brown, bruising brown. (1/2) Boletus rubripes * Stem pinkish to reddish above, yellow toward base; stem not bruising on handling; cap olive to olive yellow, developing red shades, not bruising. (2/2) Boletus smithii Mushroom xerocomelloid (small or medium-small boletes with slender stems and red to brown, subvelvety caps that often become cracked and mosaic-like). (2/2) ~ Some spores truncated at one end. (1/2) Spores amyloid. (1/2) Xerocomellus amylosporus Spores not amyloid. (2/2) Xerocomellus mendocinensis ~ Spores not truncated. (2/2) * Associated with willows, poplars, or birches in riparian ecosystems. (1/2) Xerocomellus salicola * Associated with conifers. (2/2) Xerocomellus rainisiae > Found east of the Rocky Mountains, including Texas. (2/2) ° Pore surface dark brown. (1/2) Stem base with red colors. (1/3) Boletus subgraveolens Stem base without red colors; cap brown when young; spores 11-15 x 4-6 µ. (2/3) Boletus vermiculosus Stem base without red colors; cap yellowish when young; spores 9-12 x 3-4 µ. (3/3) ° Pore surface yellow. (2/2) Cite this page as: Kuo, M. (2003, June). Key to Boletus in North America (page five). 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