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Key to Collybioid Mushrooms: Page Five [Growing terrestrially or on leaves or needles; stem without a root-like projection; stem typically less than 5 mm wide; gills white, whitish, or buff from youth to maturity, or whitish developing a pinkish or pale tan cast in maturity; growing in woods; odor and taste not of garlic.] > Gills close or crowded. (1/2) Fuzz on stem tawny; gills close; cap to 2.5 cm, reddish brown, fading to cinnamon; spores 6.5-8.8 µ; cheilocystidia present; growing gregariously under hardwoods or conifers; found in eastern North America. (1/3) Gymnopus biformis Fuzz on stem whitish to grayish; gills close or nearly distant; cap to 3.5 cm, cinnamon brown, fading with age; spores 8.5-10 x 3.5-4 µ; cheilocystidia absent; growing gregariously or in loose clusters under hardwoods; found in northeastern North America. (2/3) Gymnopus subterginus Fuzz on stem whitish; gills crowded; cap to 4 cm, reddish brown, fading to cinnamon; spores 7-9 x 3.5-4 µ; cheilocystidia present and conspicuous; growing gregariously or in clusters under hardwoods or conifers; widely distributed. (3/3) Gymnopus confluens > Gills distant or nearly distant. (2/2) ° Taste acrid, bitter, or unpleasant. (1/2) Gills sometimes spotting reddish; stem dark brown below; spores 8-11 x 3-4 µ, elliptical; cystidia absent; cap to 5 cm, dark reddish brown, fading with age to orangish cinnamon; taste very acrid; growing alone or gregariously under hardwoods; distribution uncertain, probably widely distributed. (1/2) Marasmius urens Gills not spotting reddish; stem whitish or cinnamon buff, typically grooved; spores 5.5-6.5 x 2-3 µ, elliptical or nearly cylindrical; cheilocystidia present; cap to 4 cm, cinnamon or paler; taste not distinctive or slightly bitterish or unpleasant; growing gregariously or in loose clusters on soil or rotten wood; found in the Pacific Northwest and in eastern North America. (2/2) Gymnopus striatipes ° Taste not distinctive. (2/2) ~ Stem pale (whitish, pale cinnamon) above and below. (1/2) Spores 5.5-6.5 x 2-3 µ, elliptical or nearly cylindrical; cheilocystidia present; cap to 4 cm, cinnamon or paler; stem whitish or cinnamon buff, typically grooved, color of fuzz whitish; growing gregariously or in loose clusters on soil or rotten wood; found in the Pacific Northwest and in eastern North America. (1/2) Gymnopus striatipes Spores 8.5-10 x 3.5-4 µ, elliptical; cystidia absent; cap to 4 cm, cinnamon brown, fading with age; stem pale cinnamon, color of fuzz whitish; growing gregariously or in loose clusters under hardwoods; found in eastern North America. (2/2) Gymnopus subterginus ~ Stem dark (brown, blackish, wine-colored), at least over the lower portion. (2/2) Cap to 4 cm, brown to reddish brown or purple brown, fading to tan, surface wrinkled/lined; stem to 10 cm x 4 mm, pale above, brown below, color of fuzz grayish or brownish; spores 6-8 x 3-4 µ, elliptical; presence of cystidia not recorded; growing on humus or decayed wood of hardwoods (also conifers?); found in California, possibly elsewhere. (1/4) Collybia fuscopurpurea species cluster Cap to 4 cm, brownish with a darker brown center, fading in age, entire surface wrinkled/lined; stem to 5 cm x 3 mm, pale above, brown below, color of fuzz buff; spores 7.5-9 x 3.5-4 µ, elliptical; presence of cystidia not recorded; growing on soil or on wood; found in California. (2/4) Gymnopus subpruinosus Cap to 1.5 cm, orange brown, fading with age to cinnamon or buff, smooth or with a wrinkled margin; stem to 4 cm x 2 mm, dark brown, covered with wine red fuzz; spores 7.5-9 x 3-4 µ, elliptical; cystidia absent; growing scattered or gregariously under hardwoods or conifers; found in eastern North America, possibly elsewhere. (3/4) Gymnopus semihirtipes Cap to 3.5 cm, cinnamon brown, fading with age to cinnamon, the margin wrinkled; stem to 7 cm x 3 mm, pale above, dark below, covered with whitish fuzz; odor not distinctive, taste mild or bitter; spores 8.5-11 x 3-4.5 µ, elliptical; cheilocystidia present; growing scattered or gregariously under hardwoods; found in eastern North America, possibly elsewhere. (4/4) Gymnopus subnudus > Gills close or crowded. (1/2) ° Young, fresh cap whitish, sometimes pinkish gray over the center. (1/2) Marasmius umbilicatus ° Young, fresh cap more highly colored. (2/2) Spores 5.5-6.5 x 3-3.5 µ, elliptical, inamyloid; cap to 5 cm, dark reddish brown, changing color markedly as it dries out, fading in age to pale orange brown or buff; stem to 5 cm x 5 mm, white above, colored like the cap below; odor and taste not distinctive; growing scattered or gregariously (rarely in clusters) on soil or rotten wood; widely distributed. (1/4) Gymnopus dryophilus Spores 4-5.5 x 4-4.5 µ, round, dextrinoid; cap to 10.5 cm, orange brown, not changing color markedly as it dries out; stem to 9 cm x 2 mm, light tan; odor and taste not recorded; growing alone, gregariously, or in clusters on leaves or rotten wood; found east of the Rocky Mountains. (Note: the 10.5 cm cap may be a typo that has persisted since the time of Peck; a 9 cm x 2 mm stem hardly seems capable of holding it.) (2/4) Rhodocollybia prolixa var. distorta Spores 9.5-11 x 3.5-4.5 µ, elliptical, inamyloid; cap to 2.5 cm, dirty yellow, fading with age; stem to 5 cm x 4 mm, pale above, colored like the cap below; odor and taste not distinctive, or rarely slightly mealy; growing gregariously in birch woods; found in northeastern North America. (3/4) Gymnopus terginus Spores 5-8.5 x 2.5-3.5 µ, elliptical, inamyloid; cap to 5 cm, yellowish brown to cinnamon, fading with age; stem to 6 cm x 4 mm, light yellowish brown above, reddish brown or orangish brown below; odor and taste not distinctive; growing gregariously or in clusters under hardwoods; found in eastern North America. (4/4) Marasmius spissus > Gills distant or nearly so. (2/2) ° Cap more or less entirely white by maturity, or with a grayish or pinkish spot over the center; spores 6-8 x 3-5 µ; found under hardwoods east of the Rocky Mountains. (1/2) ° Not as above. (2/2) Growing in dense clusters in hardwood forests; cap to 4 cm, typically broadly bell-shaped or with a wide "knob" (reminiscent of Marasmius oreades), brown to yellowish brown; gills distant, yellowish to creamy; stem to 8 cm x 3 mm, whitish above, yellowish brown or dark brown below; odor not distinctive or slightly pungent, taste not distinctive or slightly alkaline; spores 7-10 x 3-5 µ, spindle-shaped to elliptical. (1/2) Growing gregariously in birch woods; cap to 2.5 cm, dirty yellow, fading with age; gills ivory; stem to 5 cm x 4 mm, pale above, colored like the cap below; odor and taste not distinctive, or rarely slightly mealy; spores 9.5-11 x 3.5-4.5 µ, elliptical; found in northeastern North America. (2/2) Gymnopus terginus Cite this page as: Kuo, M. (2004, January). Key to Collybioid mushrooms: Page five. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/collybioid_05.html © MushroomExpert.Com |
